{"id":15398,"date":"2022-12-02T16:56:00","date_gmt":"2022-12-02T14:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.media4change.co\/?p=15398"},"modified":"2023-02-22T17:08:46","modified_gmt":"2023-02-22T15:08:46","slug":"systema-carcerum-lituanicus-per-aspera-sovieticus-ad-astra-scandinavicus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.media4change.co\/lt\/systema-carcerum-lituanicus-per-aspera-sovieticus-ad-astra-scandinavicus\/","title":{"rendered":"Systema carcerum Lituanicus: per aspera sovieticus ad astra scandinavicus"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Tomas Bal\u010di\u016bnas, Dainius Dauk\u0161a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ne\u017einomas citatos autorius ka\u017ekada sak\u0117, kad \u017emogaus kilm\u0117 staiga pasidaro labai svarbi kitam prasid\u0117jus karui. Jeigu pereisime i\u0161 tautin\u0117s tapatyb\u0117s \u012f socialin\u0119 plotm\u0119, galime kelti ir tok\u012f klausim\u0105: kada pasidaro svarbi \u017emogaus praeitis? Kai bendraujame? Kai mokom\u0117s? Ar gal kai ie\u0161kome darbo? Toks klausimas tampa nei\u0161vengiama buvusi\u0173 nuteist\u0173j\u0173 gyvenimo laisv\u0117je dalimi. Buv\u0119s kalinys Andrius (kaip ir kiti nenor\u0117j\u0119 b\u016bti minimi tikruoju vardu) pasakoja, kad \u201enelabai nori priimti darbdaviai \u012f darb\u0105, kariuomen\u0119\u201c. Antrasis asmuo \u2013 Liudvikas \u2013 kalba apie tai, kad jam ir kitiems (\u201eypa\u010d lygtinai paleistiems\u201c) \u017emon\u0117ms padeda socialiniai namai. Jo pasakojimu, tokiuose namuose pasaulis yra visai kitoks negu kal\u0117jime \u2013 kitokios bendravimo (\u201ekuris ypa\u010d reikalingas i\u0161\u0117jus \u012f laisv\u0119\u201c) ir susigyvenimo taisykl\u0117s. \u201eValstybinio darbo a\u0161 jau garantuotai dirbti negal\u0117siu, \u2013 pabr\u0117\u017e\u0117 jis. \u2013 Rimtesn\u0117 \u012fmon\u0117 vienokiu ar kitokiu b\u016bdu vis tiek galiausiai su\u017einos apie teistum\u0105.\u201c Tre\u010diasis kalbintas \u017emogus, Milvydas, teigia, kad \u017emoni\u0173 po\u017ei\u016bris \u012f buvusius kal\u0117jime priklauso nuo artimumo su kitais.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ir ketvirtasis pa\u0161nekovas \u2013 irgi buv\u0119s nuteistasis Silvijus \u2013 pasakoja apie \u012fvairiausias problemas, su kuriomis teko susidurti d\u0117l turimo teistumo: \u201eReik\u0117jo tri\u0161al\u0117s sutarties. Reik\u0117jo pristatyti ne\u012fgalumo dokumentus ir prie\u0161 i\u0161eidamas u\u017esiminiau, kad esu teistas ir neseniai gr\u012f\u017eau i\u0161 kal\u0117jimo. Kai kit\u0105 dien\u0105 atve\u017eiau dokumentus, man nesudar\u0117 sutarties. <…> Man taip pat neleido nutraukti \u201eTele2\u201c sutarties ir per septynerius metus susikaup\u0117 daugiau nei 1000 eur\u0173 skolos. O \u017einot, kod\u0117l neleido? Nes niekas netur\u0117jo mano paso.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201emes juk ta pati visuomen\u0117s dalis esame, tik nuteisti\u201c<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Buv\u0119s nuteistieji i\u0161skyr\u0117, kad \u201ejeigu \u017emogus kal\u0117jime praleido vienerius\u2013dvejus metus, tai jo adaptavimosi procesas laisv\u0117je \u2013 prie\u0161ingai nei kal\u0117jusi\u0173 penkerius ar de\u0161imt met\u0173 \u2013 bus gana paprastas\u201c. Ir kad \u201emes juk ta pati visuomen\u0117s dalis esame, tik nuteisti\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karil\u0117 ir Ieva \u2013 dvi merginos, savanoriaujan\u010dios nevyriausybin\u0117je organizacijoje \u201ePrira\u0161ytos rankos\u201c. Jos dirba su \u012fkalintais asmenimis organizuodamos jiems \u012fvairi\u0105 veikl\u0105 \u2013 nuo gyvenimo apra\u0161ymo susik\u016brimo iki finansinio ra\u0161tingumo paskait\u0173. Karil\u0117 motyvuoja savo pasirinkim\u0105 tuo, kad \u201eegzistuojanti sistema \u2013 kur \u017emogus tiesiog apgyvendinamas patalpoje u\u017euot jam suteikus \u012franki\u0173 gr\u012f\u017eti \u012f visuomen\u0119 \u2013 neproduktyvi\u201c. \u0160iuo metu tiek Karil\u0117, tiek ir Ieva savanoriauja Kauno nepilname\u010di\u0173 tardymo izoliatoriuje. Karil\u0117 pastebi esan\u010diuose paaugliuose daug baim\u0117s ir neu\u017etikrintumo, kylan\u010dius i\u0161 \u017eini\u0173 netur\u0117jimo: \u201eT\u0105 baim\u0119 savo veiklomis ir bandome suma\u017einti.\u201c Ieva i\u0161skiria, kad d\u0117l pandemijos prireik\u0117 laiko \u2013 m\u0117nesio \u2013 kad b\u016bt\u0173 galima u\u017emegzti artimesnius santykius su nuteistaisiais. \u0160iauli\u0173 tardymo izoliatoriuje d\u0117l to, kad vykdavo veikla nuotoliniu \u2013 dar ilgiau. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201ePrisiminiau vien\u0105 i\u0161 veiklos epizod\u0105, kai buvo vienas kitam ra\u0161omi kal\u0117diniai sveikinimai. Skai\u010diau savo sveikinim\u0105 nuo vaikino, kuriam visa organizuojama veikla ner\u016bp\u0117jo, perskai\u010dius tam tikr\u0105 juokel\u012f, supratau, kad tai pasakiau anks\u010diau. Jis tiesiog atsimin\u0117 apie mane tam tikr\u0105 detal\u0119 kaip apie draug\u0105. Ir nors gal kartais atrodo abejingai, bet tai nerei\u0161kia, kad ry\u0161io n\u0117ra\u201c, \u2013 pasakoja Karil\u0117.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Simonas Nakartas  \/ teise.org nuotrauka<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Savanor\u0117s kalba, kad Kauno tardymo izoliatoriaus Nepilname\u010di\u0173 skyrius kardinaliai skiriasi nuo did\u017eiausi\u0173 kal\u0117jim\u0173 Lietuvoje \u2013 Pravieni\u0161ki\u0173 ir Alytaus \u2013 vien d\u0117l laisvumo ir d\u0117l kitokios vidin\u0117s kult\u016bros. Visgi jos pabr\u0117\u017eia, kad nors ir kal\u0117jimo \u012fstaigos stengiasi u\u017etikrinti bazines poreikius, ta\u010diau problema, kuri yra sprend\u017eiama, vis dar yra mil\u017eini\u0161ka (\u201eper ma\u017eas plotas vienam asmeniui, galimyb\u0117 nusiprausti tik kart\u0105 ar du per savait\u0119, prastas maitinimas ir pan.\u201c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ieva pasakoja, kad dirbant su suaugusiais kaliniais da\u017eniausiai jos sulaukia pra\u0161ym\u0173 organizuoti veikl\u0105, kuri b\u016bt\u0173 prakti\u0161ka: \u201eFinansinio ra\u0161tingumo pamokos, gyvenimo apra\u0161ymo k\u016brimas, tiksl\u0173 i\u0161sik\u0117limas, emocij\u0173 \u2013 pyk\u010dio \u2013 atpa\u017einimas.\u201c K\u0105 ji dar pabr\u0117\u017eia, kad \u201eper bendr\u0105 veikl\u0105 labai galima greitai pamir\u0161ti, jog kaliniai yra d\u0117l ko nors nuteisti\u201c. Kadangi jai teko savanoriauti Naujojoje Meksikoje, Jungtin\u0117se Valstijose, tai Ieva i\u0161skyr\u0117, kad \u201eLietuvoje yra geriau vien d\u0117l to, kad tarp nuteist\u0173 nepilname\u010di\u0173 ir pareig\u016bn\u0173 yra didesnis tarpusavio pasitik\u0117jimas\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Socialin\u0117 darbuotoja i\u0161 \u0160ven\u010dioni\u0173 Neimant\u0117 Milo\u0161evsk\u0117, dirbanti su buvusiais nuteistaisiais, pasakoja apie prast\u0105 buvusi\u0173 kalini\u0173 pad\u0117t\u012f gr\u012f\u017eus \u012f laisv\u0119: \u201eJie i\u0161\u0117j\u0119 gauna vienkartin\u0119 pa\u0161alp\u0105. Tur\u0117t\u0173 pagal visk\u0105 gauti per vien\u0105\u2013dvi dienas, ta\u010diau tai u\u017etrunka iki savait\u0117s. Reik\u0117t\u0173, kad procesas vykt\u0173 grei\u010diau \u017einant, jog asmuo greitai i\u0161eis i\u0161 \u012fkalinimo \u012fstaigos.\u201c Neimant\u0117 baiminasi, kad gali praeiti daug met\u0173, kol \u017emoni\u0173 po\u017ei\u016bris \u012f buvusiu kal\u0117jime pasikeis ir neslepia, kad neigiamo po\u017ei\u016brio pasitaiko ir tam vyresnio am\u017eiaus darbuotoj\u0173. Ji teigiamai vertina Norvegijos kal\u0117jim\u0173 sistem\u0105 \u2013 dienpinigiai, galimyb\u0117 \u012fgyti profesij\u0105 ir i\u0161silavinim\u0105: \u201eTarkime, yra \u017emogus, kuris neseniai i\u0161\u0117jo i\u0161 kal\u0117jimo ir jis sako: \u201eMan reik\u0117s v\u0117l prad\u0117ti vogti tam, kad gr\u012f\u017e\u010diau, nes ten yra saugiau.\u201c Ten yra maistas, apr\u016bpinimas, jam jokios pagalbos laisv\u0117je n\u0117ra. Nei i\u0161 artim\u0173j\u0173, nei i\u0161 valstyb\u0117s.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lietuvos socialini\u0173 mokslo teis\u0117s instituto (LSMTI) vyresnysis mokslo darbuotojas Simonas Nikartas pastebi, kad \u012fkalinimas ne tik neveiksmingas, bet ir da\u017enai \u017ealinga priemon\u0117 nuteistiesiems: \u201eBausm\u0117s vykdyme i\u0161keltas resocializacijos tikslas n\u0117ra logi\u0161kas ir prie\u0161taringas, kadangi \u012fkalinimas, i\u0161 esm\u0117s, yra desocializuojantis.\u201c Dera pasteb\u0117ti, kad lietuvi\u0161kos kal\u0117jim\u0173 \u012fstaigos pastatytos dar sovietme\u010diu ir paremtos kolektyvinio \u012fkalinimo principu. Ar tai galimyb\u0117 kaliniams socializuotis tarpusavyje ir puosel\u0117ti socialinius \u012fg\u016bd\u017eius? Ver\u010diau tai terp\u0117 plisti kriminalin\u0117ms subkult\u016broms ir kast\u0173 sistemai. \u201e\u012ekalintas \u017emogus ne tik u\u017edarytas, bet nuolatos jau\u010diasi nesaugiai\u201c, \u2013 teigia Simonas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Jolanta Aleknevi\u010dien\u0117 \/ asm. archyvo nuotrauka<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Lietuvoje nepagalvojame apie \u201esed\u0117jimo kal\u0117jime\u201c pasekmes. Lyg ai\u0161ku, kad u\u017e atlikt\u0105 nusikaltim\u0105 \u017emogus sumoka savo gyvenimo laiko s\u0105skaita. Vilniaus universiteto, Filosofijos fakulteto, kriminologijos katedros d\u0117stytojai, dr. Jolantai Aleknevi\u010dienei, nuteistasis praranda ne tik laik\u0105. Anot jos: \u201ePamin\u0117\u010diau re\u010diau akcentuojamus suirusius arba nutr\u016bkusius socialinius ry\u0161ius, prarast\u0105 socialin\u012f kapital\u0105 ir laik\u0105, i\u0161mokt\u0105 bej\u0117gi\u0161kum\u0105, patiriam\u0105 stigm\u0105 bei skurd\u0105.\u201c Ir \u0161ios problemos atsiranda \u012fstaigoje, kurios tikslas yra resocializuoti \u017emones t.y. sugr\u0105\u017einti juos atgal \u012f visuomen\u0117s veikimo parametrus. Atrodyt\u0173, kad kal\u0117jimas u\u017eprogramuotas i\u0161leisti traumuotus \u017emones. Simonas duoda pavyzd\u012f: \u201eAtsiskyrimas nuo visuomen\u0117s daro \u017eal\u0105 <…> Kiekvienas gyvenantis karantino situacijoje supratome, kad tai paveikia.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kokia i\u0161eitis? Kaip galima pagerinti kal\u0117jim\u0173 sistem\u0105, kad ji i\u0161 tikr\u0173j\u0173 atlikt\u0173 resocializacij\u0105? \u017dmon\u0117s patek\u0119 \u012f \u012fkalinimo \u012fstaigas jau patenka su silpnais socialiniais saitas. Kaip teigia J. Aleknevi\u010dien\u0117: \u201eKriminolog\u0117s I. Kalinauskait\u0117s 2020 m. atliktas \u017evalgomasis tyrimas \u2013 laisv\u0117s at\u0117mimo bausme nuteisti asmenys dar prie\u0161 patekdami \u012f \u012fkalinimo \u012fstaigas pasi\u017eymi \u017eemu socialiniu-ekonominiu statusu, t.y., turi \u017eemesn\u012f i\u0161silavinim\u0105, nepastovius darbus, yra vieni\u0161i arba i\u0161siskyr\u0119.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Vienas pasi\u016blymas \u2013 perimti skandinavi\u0161k\u0105 \u012fkalinimo model\u012f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Skandinavijos \u0161ali\u0173 kal\u0117jimuose yra bausm\u0117s normalizavimo principas. Siekiama, kad nuteistojo gyvenimas kuo ma\u017eiau skirt\u0173si nuo gyvenimo laisv\u0117je. Ir nors kaliniai patenka \u012f saugom\u0105 perimetr\u0105, bet yra keli esminiai skirtumai nuo Lietuvos. Vienas i\u0161 j\u0173 \u2013 tai pri\u017ei\u016br\u0117toj\u0173 stoka, nes moderniose \u012fstaigose naudojamos pa\u017eangios technologijos. Kitas svarbus aspektas, jog net ir b\u016bnant \u012fkalinimo \u012fstaigoje stengiamasi i\u0161saugoti \u017emoni\u0173 teises ir atsakingum\u0105. Jie turi savo but\u0105, gali patys pasigaminti, turi galimyb\u0119 vaik\u0161\u010dioti po erdves, nes jiems suteiktos kortel\u0117s. Siekiama kalinius pri\u017ei\u016br\u0117ti ir jiems pad\u0117ti, o ne kontroliuoti. Kaliniai taip pat gali dirbti, \u012fgyti specialyb\u0119, i\u0161silavinim\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eJie (kaliniai) nepraranda socialini\u0173 \u012fg\u016bd\u017ei\u0173, nes u\u017e juos n\u0117ra viskas padaroma. Tai kaip gyvenimas laisv\u0117je, tik ta erdv\u0117 yra suma\u017einta.\u201c, \u2013 teigia S. Nikartas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dera paklausti, ar mes kaip visuomen\u0117 pasiry\u017etume pagerinti \u012fkalinimo \u012fstaig\u0173 s\u0105lygas mokes\u010di\u0173 mok\u0117toj\u0173 s\u0105skaita? \u201eTa\u010diau turime suprasti, kad ir visa to ka\u0161tai yra gerokai didesni, pavyzd\u017eiui, Lietuva vienam kaliniui per dien\u0105 vidutini\u0161kai i\u0161leid\u017eia apie 30 eur., kai Danija \u2013 202 eurai, Suomija \u2013 204 eurai, o Norvegija \u2013 318 eur\u0173\u201c, \u2013 teigia J. Aleknevi\u010dien\u0117.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taigi ar lietuviai \u2013 politikai ir pilie\u010diai \u2013 nori i\u0161laikyti sistem\u0105, kuri skatina pakartotin\u012f nusikalstamum\u0105, ar geriau investuoti \u012f sistem\u0105, kurioje kaliniai antr\u0105kart \u012f kal\u0117jim\u0105 jau nebegr\u012f\u017eta (Norvegijos nacionalinis pakartotini\u0173 nusikaltim\u0173 vidurkis \u2013 20%)?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0160is straipsnis yra \u201eMedia4Change\u201c inicijuotos tarptautin\u0117s \u017eurnalistikos laboratorijos dalis. Laboratorija yra projekto \u201eDigital MIL Lab in Youth Work\u201c dalis. Projektas finansuojamas pagal Europos S\u0105jungos program\u0105 \u201eErasmus+\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Projekto straipsni\u0173 autoriai su projekto r\u0117m\u0117jais straipsni\u0173 tem\u0173 ir turinio nederina.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Keturi\u0173 kalini\u0173 liudijimai, NVO dirbantis su kaliniais, socialin\u0117 darbuotoja, pasakojanti apie kal\u0117jim\u0173 sistemos ydas, kriminolog\u0173 i\u0161vados apie kalini\u0173 integracij\u0105 ir kokius sprendimus Lietuvai gali pasi\u016blyti skandinavi\u01d0skas modelis.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":15424,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15398","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-lt"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSystema carcerum Lituanicus: per aspera sovieticus ad astra scandinavicus - Media4Change<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.media4change.co\/lt\/systema-carcerum-lituanicus-per-aspera-sovieticus-ad-astra-scandinavicus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lt_LT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Systema carcerum Lituanicus: per aspera sovieticus ad astra scandinavicus - 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